Описание
nextjs-best-practices — скилл грамотной разработки на Next.js: App Router — современные принципы маршрутизации, Server Components — рендеринг на сервере там, где он нужен, data fetching — правильная выборка данных, паттерны маршрутизации — структура страниц без запутанности. Для разработчиков, желающих Next.js по канону, а не сборник случайных решений.
Что умеет:
— применять принципы App Router;
— работать с Server Components;
— выстраивать data fetching;
— проектировать чистую структуру маршрутов.
Next.js Best Practices
> Principles for Next.js App Router development.
—
1. Server vs Client Components
Decision Tree
Does it need...?
│
├── useState, useEffect, event handlers
│ └── Client Component ('use client')
│
├── Direct data fetching, no interactivity
│ └── Server Component (default)
│
└── Both?
└── Split: Server parent + Client child
By Default
| Type | Use |
|——|—–|
| Server | Data fetching, layout, static content |
| Client | Forms, buttons, interactive UI |
—
2. Data Fetching Patterns
Fetch Strategy
| Pattern | Use |
|———|—–|
| Default | Static (cached at build) |
| Revalidate | ISR (time-based refresh) |
| No-store | Dynamic (every request) |
Data Flow
| Source | Pattern |
|——–|———|
| Database | Server Component fetch |
| API | fetch with caching |
| User input | Client state + server action |
—
3. Routing Principles
File Conventions
| File | Purpose |
|——|———|
| page.tsx | Route UI |
| layout.tsx | Shared layout |
| loading.tsx | Loading state |
| error.tsx | Error boundary |
| not-found.tsx | 404 page |
Route Organization
| Pattern | Use |
|———|—–|
| Route groups (name) | Organize without URL |
| Parallel routes @slot | Multiple same-level pages |
| Intercepting (.) | Modal overlays |
—
4. API Routes
Route Handlers
| Method | Use |
|——–|—–|
| GET | Read data |
| POST | Create data |
| PUT/PATCH | Update data |
| DELETE | Remove data |
Best Practices
- Validate input with Zod
- Return proper status codes
- Handle errors gracefully
- Use Edge runtime when possible
—
5. Performance Principles
Image Optimization
- Use next/image component
- Set priority for above-fold
- Provide blur placeholder
- Use responsive sizes
Bundle Optimization
- Dynamic imports for heavy components
- Route-based code splitting (automatic)
- Analyze with bundle analyzer
—
6. Metadata
Static vs Dynamic
| Type | Use |
|——|—–|
| Static export | Fixed metadata |
| generateMetadata | Dynamic per-route |
Essential Tags
- title (50-60 chars)
- description (150-160 chars)
- Open Graph images
- Canonical URL
—
7. Caching Strategy
Cache Layers
| Layer | Control |
|——-|———|
| Request | fetch options |
| Data | revalidate/tags |
| Full route | route config |
Revalidation
| Method | Use |
|——–|—–|
| Time-based | revalidate: 60 |
| On-demand | revalidatePath/Tag |
| No cache | no-store |
—
8. Server Actions
Use Cases
- Form submissions
- Data mutations
- Revalidation triggers
Best Practices
- Mark with ‘use server’
- Validate all inputs
- Return typed responses
- Handle errors
—
9. Anti-Patterns
| ❌ Don’t | ✅ Do |
|———-|——-|
| ‘use client’ everywhere | Server by default |
| Fetch in client components | Fetch in server |
| Skip loading states | Use loading.tsx |
| Ignore error boundaries | Use error.tsx |
| Large client bundles | Dynamic imports |
—
10. Project Structure
app/
├── (marketing)/ # Route group
│ └── page.tsx
├── (dashboard)/
│ ├── layout.tsx # Dashboard layout
│ └── page.tsx
├── api/
│ └── [resource]/
│ └── route.ts
└── components/
└── ui/
—
> Remember: Server Components are the default for a reason. Start there, add client only when needed.